1 . Material Supply and Storage - this is the receiving on site of the basic materials namely cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate and storing them under satisfactory conditions. (see Concrete Production † Materials on pages 284 & 285)
2. Mixing - carried out in small batches this requires only simple hand held tools whereas when demand for increased output is required mixers or ready mixed supplies could be used.
3. Transporting - this can range from a simple bucket to barrows and dumpers for small amounts. For larger loads, especially those required at high level, crane skips could be used:
For the transportation of large volumes of concrete over a limited distance concrete pumps could be used.
4. Placing Concrete - this activity involves placing the wet concrete in the excavation, formwork or mould; working the concrete between and around any reinforcement; vibrating and/ or tamping and curing in accordance with the recommendations of BS 8110: Structural use of concrete. This standard also covers the striking or removal of the formwork. Further ref. BS 8000-2.1: Workmanship on building sites. Code of practice for concrete work. Mixing and transporting concrete. Also, BS EN 1992-1-1 and -2: Design of concrete structures.
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